Long products - Beams - Parallel flange I sections - IPE - S355 - 6. Axial force & bending

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ub-ipe-he-hl-axis
Section designationCross-section resistance checkMember buckling check
and resistancesn LimitMoment Resistance Mc,y,Rd, Mc,z,Rd (kNm) and Reduced Moment Resistance MN,y,Rd, MN,z,Rd (kNm)n LimitCompression resistance Nb,y,Rd, Nb,z,Rd (kN) and Buckling Resistance Moment Mb,Rd (kNm)
(kN, kNm)Class 3for Ratios of Design Axial Force to Design Axial Plastic Resistance n = NEd / Npl,RdClass 3for varying buckling lengths L (m) within the limiting value of n = NEd / Npl,Rd
Class 2n0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0Class 2L (m)1.01.52.02.53.03.54.05.06.07.08.09.010.011.012.013.014.0
IPE 750 x 220Mc,y,Rd2,8302,8302,8302,4602,4602,4602,4602,460XX$0.752Nb,y,Rd9,6809,6809,6809,6809,6809,6809,6809,6709,5909,5009,4009,3009,2009,0908,9808,8508,710
Npl,Rd = 9,680n/aMc,z,Rd384384384245245245245245XX$Nb,z,Rd9,6109,2208,7908,3107,7607,1406,4705,1103,9803,1202,4902,0201,6801,4101,2001,030897
fyWel,y = 2,4600.221MN,y,Rd2,8302,8302,8300.752Mb,Rd2,4602,4602,4602,4002,2802,1702,0501,8301,6201,4301,2801,1501,040947870805749
fyWel,z = 245MN,z,Rd3843843840.221Mb,Rd2,8302,8302,8302,7002,5602,4102,2701,9901,7401,5201,3401,2001,080980898828769
IPE 750 x 196Mc,y,Rd2,4802,4802,4802,1502,1502,1502,150XXX$0.684Nb,y,Rd8,6508,6508,6508,6508,6508,6508,6508,6408,5608,4808,3908,3008,2108,1108,0007,8807,760
Npl,Rd = 8,650n/aMc,z,Rd331331331210210210210XXX$Nb,z,Rd8,5708,2207,8307,3906,8906,3205,7004,4803,4702,7202,1601,7601,4601,2201,040895778
fyWel,y = 2,1500.201MN,y,Rd2,4802,4802,4800.684Mb,Rd2,1502,1502,1502,0901,9801,8801,7701,5701,3701,2001,060946850770704648600
fyWel,z = 210MN,z,Rd3313313310.201Mb,Rd2,4802,4802,4802,3602,2202,0901,9601,7001,4701,2801,120986881795724665615
IPE 750 x 173Mc,y,Rd2,1402,1401,8601,8601,8601,860XXX$$0.593Nb,y,Rd7,6407,6407,6407,6407,6407,6407,6407,6207,5407,4707,3907,3107,2307,1407,0406,9306,820
Npl,Rd = 7,640n/aMc,z,Rd279279178178178178XXX$$Nb,z,Rd7,5507,2306,8706,4706,0005,4804,9203,8302,9502,3001,8301,4801,2301,030876754655
fyWel,y = 1,8600.165MN,y,Rd2,1402,1400.593Mb,Rd1,8601,8601,8601,8001,7001,6101,5101,3201,150998872769685617560513473
fyWel,z = 178MN,z,Rd2792790.165Mb,Rd2,1402,1402,1402,0301,9101,7901,6701,4401,2301,050912799708635575526480
IPE 750 x 147Mc,y,Rd1,7601,7601,5201,5201,520XXXX$$0.502Nb,y,Rd6,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4706,4406,3806,3206,2506,1806,1106,0205,9405,8405,740
Npl,Rd = 6,470n/aMc,z,Rd218218138138138XXXX$$Nb,z,Rd6,3706,0805,7605,3904,9604,4803,9803,0402,3201,8001,4201,150952798678584507
fyWel,y = 1,5200.130MN,y,Rd1,7601,7600.502Mb,Rd1,5201,5201,5201,4501,3701,2901,2101,040891762657573506452407370336
fyWel,z = 138MN,z,Rd2182180.130Mb,Rd1,7601,7601,7501,6501,5401,4401,3401,130950803686594522464417373336
IPE 750 x 134Mc,y,Rd1,6501,4301,4301,430XXXXX$$0.398Nb,y,Rd6,0606,0606,0606,0606,0606,0606,0606,0305,9705,9105,8405,7805,7005,6305,5405,4505,350
Npl,Rd = 6,060n/aMc,z,Rd202129129129XXXXX$$Nb,z,Rd5,9605,6805,3705,0204,6004,1403,6602,7802,1101,6401,3001,050865725616530460
fyWel,y = 1,4300.074MN,y,Rd1,6500.398Mb,Rd1,4301,4301,4301,3601,2801,2001,120956810688589510448397357321289
fyWel,z = 129MN,z,Rd2020.074Mb,Rd1,6501,6501,6301,5301,4301,3301,2301,030861721612527461408361321289
IPE V 600Mc,y,Rd1,8401,8401,8401,8401,8401,8401,8401,8401,8401,8401,8400Nb,y,Rd8,0708,0708,0708,0708,0708,0708,0507,9607,8607,7507,6407,5207,3907,2507,0906,9006,700
Npl,Rd = 8,070n/aMc,z,Rd269269269269269269269269269269269Nb,z,Rd7,8807,4807,0306,5005,8805,2004,5203,3602,5201,9401,5301,2301,020850722620538
fyWel,y = 1,5801.000MN,y,Rd1,8401,8401,8401,6601,4301,19095071347523801.000Mb,Rd1,8401,8401,7901,6801,5801,4801,3801,2001,050930830749682626579539504
fyWel,z = 168MN,z,Rd26926926926926926725021416189.50
IPE O 600Mc,y,Rd1,5401,5401,5401,5401,3401,3401,3401,3401,3401,3401,3401.000Nb,y,Rd6,7906,7906,7906,7906,7906,7906,7706,6906,6106,5206,4306,3306,2206,1005,9605,8005,630
Npl,Rd = 6,7901.000Mc,z,Rd221221221221139139139139139139139Nb,z,Rd6,6206,2805,8805,4204,8804,3003,7302,7502,0601,5801,2401,000826691586504437
fyWel,y = 1,3400.330MN,y,Rd1,5401,5401,5401,4001.000Mb,Rd1,3401,3401,3201,2401,1701,1001,020893780686611549499457421391365
fyWel,z = 139MN,z,Rd2212212212210.330Mb,Rd1,5401,5401,4901,4001,3001,2101,120963829723638571516471433401374
IPE 600Mc,y,Rd1,2101,2101,0601,0601,0601,0601,0601,060XX$0.714Nb,y,Rd5,3805,3805,3805,3805,3805,3805,3705,3005,2405,1705,0905,0104,9204,8204,7104,5904,450
Npl,Rd = 5,380n/aMc,z,Rd168168106106106106106106XX$Nb,z,Rd5,2304,9504,6304,2403,8003,3202,8602,0901,5601,190938756622520441379329
fyWel,y = 1,0600.200MN,y,Rd1,2101,2100.714Mb,Rd1,0601,0601,030968905841779664568490429381342310284262242
fyWel,z = 106MN,z,Rd1681680.200Mb,Rd1,2101,2101,1601,0801,000923847709598511445393351318290264242
IPE A 600Mc,y,Rd1,080958958958958XXXX$$0.491Nb,y,Rd4,7304,7304,7304,7304,7304,7304,7204,6604,6004,5404,4804,4104,3304,2504,1504,0503,930
Npl,Rd = 4,730n/aMc,z,Rd15297.697.697.697.6XXXX$$Nb,z,Rd4,6104,3704,0903,7703,3902,9802,5801,9001,4201,090859693570477405348302
fyWel,y = 9580.095MN,y,Rd1,0800.491Mb,Rd958958934876818760702595504432375331295267243223204
fyWel,z = 97.6MN,z,Rd1520.095Mb,Rd1,0801,0801,040969898827757631528449387340303273247223204
IPE V 550Mc,y,Rd1,4501,4501,4501,4501,4501,4501,4501,4501,4501,4501,4500Nb,y,Rd6,9706,9706,9706,9706,9706,9706,9206,8306,7406,6406,5306,4106,2706,1205,9505,7505,530
Npl,Rd = 6,970n/aMc,z,Rd218218218218218218218218218218218Nb,z,Rd6,7706,3905,9605,4504,8604,2303,6302,6401,9601,5001,180952783654555477414
fyWel,y = 1,2501.000MN,y,Rd1,4501,4501,4501,3201,13094275456537718801.000Mb,Rd1,4501,4501,3901,3001,2201,1401,060913796701626564514472436406380
fyWel,z = 136MN,z,Rd21821821821821821720417513273.40
IPE O 550Mc,y,Rd1,1301,1301,130982982982982982982982$0.912Nb,y,Rd5,3805,3805,3805,3805,3805,3805,3505,2805,2105,1305,0404,9504,8504,7304,6004,4404,280
Npl,Rd = 5,380n/aMc,z,Rd166166166105105105105105105105$Nb,z,Rd5,2204,9304,6004,1903,7303,2402,7702,0201,5001,140899724595497422362314
fyWel,y = 9820.276MN,y,Rd1,1301,1301,1300.912Mb,Rd982982952893834777721620535467412369334305280260242
fyWel,z = 105MN,z,Rd1661661660.276Mb,Rd1,1301,1301,070997924853784663564488428382344313288266245
IPE 550Mc,y,Rd962962962842842842842842XX$0.734Nb,y,Rd4,6404,6404,6404,6404,6404,6404,6104,5404,4804,4104,3404,2604,1704,0603,9503,8203,670
Npl,Rd = 4,640n/aMc,z,Rd13813813887.687.687.687.687.6XX$Nb,z,Rd4,4904,2303,9303,5703,1602,7202,3201,6801,240946743598491411348299259
fyWel,y = 8420.204MN,y,Rd9629629620.734Mb,Rd842842810757704652601509433373326289260236216200183
fyWel,z = 87.6MN,z,Rd1381381380.204Mb,Rd962962908842777712650541454388337298267242220200183
IPE A 550Mc,y,Rd879779779779779XXXX$$0.487Nb,y,Rd4,1604,1604,1604,1604,1604,1604,1404,0804,0203,9603,9003,8203,7403,6403,5403,4203,290
Npl,Rd = 4,160n/aMc,z,Rd12982.482.482.482.4XXXX$$Nb,z,Rd4,0303,8003,5403,2202,8502,4702,1001,5201,130862677545448374318273237
fyWel,y = 7790.091MN,y,Rd8790.487Mb,Rd779779747696646595546457384327284250223202184167152
fyWel,z = 82.4MN,z,Rd1290.091Mb,Rd879879828767705644585482400339292256228206184167152
IPE V 500Mc,y,Rd1,0901,0901,0901,0901,0901,0901,0901,0901,0901,0901,0900Nb,y,Rd5,6605,6605,6605,6605,6605,6405,6005,5205,4305,3405,2405,1204,9904,8404,6604,4704,260
Npl,Rd = 5,660n/aMc,z,Rd175175175175175175175175175175175Nb,z,Rd5,4805,1604,8004,3603,8603,3402,8402,0501,5201,160911733603504427367318
fyWel,y = 9491.000MN,y,Rd1,0901,0901,09097383469555641727813901.000Mb,Rd1,0901,0901,040968900835773664575505449404367337311289270
fyWel,z = 110MN,z,Rd17517517517517517215913510155.70
IPE O 500Mc,y,Rd901901901788788788788788788788$0.965Nb,y,Rd4,7204,7204,7204,7204,7204,7004,6604,6004,5204,4404,3604,2604,1504,0203,8803,7103,530
Npl,Rd = 4,720n/aMc,z,Rd14114114189.789.789.789.789.789.789.7$Nb,z,Rd4,5604,2903,9703,6003,1702,7202,3101,6601,230935734591485405344295256
fyWel,y = 7880.293MN,y,Rd9019019010.965Mb,Rd788788756707659611566484417364322288261239220204190
fyWel,z = 89.7MN,z,Rd1411411410.293Mb,Rd901901848787727669613516439380334298269245225208191
IPE 500Mc,y,Rd779779685685685685685685XX$0.727Nb,y,Rd4,1004,1004,1004,1004,1004,0804,0503,9903,9203,8503,7703,6803,5803,4603,3303,1803,010
Npl,Rd = 4,100n/aMc,z,Rd11911976.076.076.076.076.076.0XX$Nb,z,Rd3,9503,7003,4203,0702,6802,2901,9301,3801,010770604485398333282242210
fyWel,y = 6850.196MN,y,Rd7797790.727Mb,Rd685685650604559514471394333286250222199181166151139
fyWel,z = 76.0MN,z,Rd1191190.196Mb,Rd779779724668612557506417348297258228204185167151139
IPE A 500Mc,y,Rd691613613613613613XXXX$0.511Nb,y,Rd3,5903,5903,5903,5903,5903,5703,5503,4903,4403,3803,3103,2303,1403,0402,9302,8002,660
Npl,Rd = 3,590n/aMc,z,Rd10768.968.968.968.968.9XXXX$Nb,z,Rd3,4603,2503,0102,7202,3802,0401,7201,240911694544438359300255218190
fyWel,y = 6130.099MN,y,Rd6910.511Mb,Rd613613581540498457417346290247214188168152138125114
fyWel,z = 68.9MN,z,Rd1070.099Mb,Rd691691643593542493446364302255220193172154138125114
IPE V 450Mc,y,Rd7947947947947947947947947947947940Nb,y,Rd4,5504,5504,5504,5504,5504,5104,4804,4004,3204,2304,1304,0203,8803,7303,5503,3503,140
Npl,Rd = 4,550n/aMc,z,Rd134134134134134134134134134134134Nb,z,Rd4,3904,1203,8003,4202,9902,5502,1501,5301,130859674542445371315270234
fyWel,y = 6931.000MN,y,Rd79479479470560450440330220110101.000Mb,Rd794794743689638588541460396346307276250229212197183
fyWel,z = 85.2MN,z,Rd13413413413413413212210377.042.50
IPE O 450Mc,y,Rd7067067066196196196196196196196191.000Nb,y,Rd4,0604,0604,0604,0604,0504,0203,9903,9303,8503,7703,6803,5803,4603,3203,1602,9902,800
Npl,Rd = 4,0601.000Mc,z,Rd11811811874.974.974.974.974.974.974.974.9Nb,z,Rd3,9003,6603,3703,0202,6302,2401,8801,340986750588473388324274236204
fyWel,y = 6190.296MN,y,Rd7067067061.000Mb,Rd619619587547508470434371319279247222201184170158147
fyWel,z = 74.9MN,z,Rd1181181180.296Mb,Rd706706656607559512468394335290256229207189174160147
IPE 450Mc,y,Rd604604604532532532532532XX$0.772Nb,y,Rd3,5103,5103,5103,5103,5003,4703,4403,3803,3203,2503,1603,0702,9602,8302,6902,5302,360
Npl,Rd = 3,510n/aMc,z,Rd98.098.098.062.562.562.562.562.5XX$Nb,z,Rd3,3603,1402,8702,5502,2001,8501,5501,090800607475382313261221190165
fyWel,y = 5320.206MN,y,Rd6046046040.772Mb,Rd532532498461424389355296250215188167150137125114105
fyWel,z = 62.5MN,z,Rd98.098.098.00.206Mb,Rd604599553508463420379312260222194171154139126114105
IPE A 450Mc,y,Rd530530473473473473XXXX$0.528Nb,y,Rd3,0403,0403,0403,0403,0303,0102,9802,9302,8802,8202,7502,6702,5802,4702,3502,2102,060
Npl,Rd = 3,040n/aMc,z,Rd87.387.356.156.156.156.1XXXX$Nb,z,Rd2,9202,7302,5002,2401,9401,6401,370974714542425341280234198170147
fyWel,y = 4730.101MN,y,Rd5305300.528Mb,Rd47347344240837534231125621418215814012511310292.885.0
fyWel,z = 56.1MN,z,Rd87.387.30.101Mb,Rd53052648644640636733026822218816214312711410292.885.0
IPE V 400Mc,y,Rd5805805805805805805805805805805800Nb,y,Rd3,6903,6903,6903,6903,6703,6403,6003,5303,4603,3703,2603,1403,0002,8402,6602,4602,260
Npl,Rd = 3,690n/aMc,z,Rd105105105105105105105105105105105Nb,z,Rd3,5403,3003,0202,6902,3101,9501,6301,150841638500401329275233200173
fyWel,y = 5101.000MN,y,Rd58058058050943636429121814572.701.000Mb,Rd580575534493454417382323278243215193176161149138128
fyWel,z = 66.9MN,z,Rd10510510510510510293.679.158.632.30
IPE O 400Mc,y,Rd5335335334704704704704704704704701.000Nb,y,Rd3,4203,4203,4203,4203,4003,3603,3303,2703,1903,1103,0102,8902,7502,6002,4202,2302,050
Npl,Rd = 3,4201.000Mc,z,Rd95.595.595.561.161.161.161.161.161.161.161.1Nb,z,Rd3,2703,0402,7802,4502,1001,7601,4601,030751569445357293244207178154
fyWel,y = 4700.275MN,y,Rd5335335331.000Mb,Rd470470437405374344316267229200177158144131121112104
fyWel,z = 61.1MN,z,Rd95.595.595.50.275Mb,Rd533526486446408371338282239207182163147134123113104
IPE 400Mc,y,Rd464464464412412412412412412X$0.832Nb,y,Rd3,0003,0003,0003,0002,9802,9502,9202,8602,8002,7202,6302,5302,4102,2602,1101,9401,780
Npl,Rd = 3,000n/aMc,z,Rd81.381.381.351.851.851.851.851.851.8X$Nb,z,Rd2,8602,6602,4102,1201,8001,5001,240871635481376302247206175150130
fyWel,y = 4120.215MN,y,Rd4644644640.832Mb,Rd41240938035032129326722218816214212711510495.987.680.6
fyWel,z = 51.8MN,z,Rd81.381.381.30.215Mb,Rd46445541938334831428323319516714613011710695.987.680.6
IPE A 400Mc,y,Rd406406363363363363XXXX$0.584Nb,y,Rd2,6002,6002,6002,6002,5802,5502,5302,4802,4202,3602,2802,1902,0901,9701,8301,6901,550
Npl,Rd = 2,600n/aMc,z,Rd71.771.746.246.246.246.2XXXX$Nb,z,Rd2,4802,3002,1001,8501,5801,3201,100770562426333267219183155133115
fyWel,y = 3630.114MN,y,Rd4064060.584Mb,Rd36336133430728125523119015913611910594.385.677.370.464.7
fyWel,z = 46.2MN,z,Rd71.771.70.114Mb,Rd40639836633430227224419816514012110796.185.777.370.464.7
IPE O 360Mc,y,Rd4214214213723723723723723723723721.000Nb,y,Rd2,9902,9902,9902,9802,9502,9202,8802,8202,7402,6502,5402,4102,2602,0801,9001,7201,560
Npl,Rd = 2,9901.000Mc,z,Rd80.680.680.651.851.851.851.851.851.851.851.8Nb,z,Rd2,8402,6302,3802,0701,7501,4501,200834607459358287236196166143124
fyWel,y = 3720.298MN,y,Rd4214214211.000Mb,Rd37236834131529026524320517615413612211110294.087.380.5
fyWel,z = 51.8MN,z,Rd80.680.680.60.298Mb,Rd42141137834631528625921618415914012611410495.387.380.5
IPE 360Mc,y,Rd362362362321321321321321321X$0.873Nb,y,Rd2,5802,5802,5802,5702,5402,5202,4902,4302,3702,2902,1902,0801,9401,7901,6301,4801,330
Npl,Rd = 2,580n/aMc,z,Rd67.867.867.843.743.743.743.743.743.7X$Nb,z,Rd2,4402,2602,0401,7701,4801,2201,010699507383299240197164139119103
fyWel,y = 3210.224MN,y,Rd3623623620.873Mb,Rd32131629226824422220216714212210795.986.679.072.266.060.8
fyWel,z = 43.7MN,z,Rd67.867.867.80.224Mb,Rd36235132129226423821417514712611098.188.479.872.266.060.8
IPE A 360Mc,y,Rd322322288288288288288XXX$0.633Nb,y,Rd2,2702,2702,2702,2602,2402,2202,2002,1402,0902,0201,9301,8301,7201,5901,4501,3101,180
Npl,Rd = 2,270n/aMc,z,Rd61.161.139.439.439.439.439.4XXX$Nb,z,Rd2,1602,0001,8001,5701,3201,10090362945734627021717714812510793.1
fyWel,y = 2880.128MN,y,Rd3223220.633Mb,Rd28828426123921819717814612210591.381.072.966.059.654.450.0
fyWel,z = 39.4MN,z,Rd61.161.10.128Mb,Rd32231228626023420918715212610793.482.773.966.059.654.450.0
IPE O 330Mc,y,Rd3353353352962962962962962962962961.000Nb,y,Rd2,5802,5802,5802,5602,5302,5002,4702,4002,3202,2302,1101,9701,8101,6401,4701,3101,170
Npl,Rd = 2,5801.000Mc,z,Rd65.765.765.742.242.242.242.242.242.242.242.2Nb,z,Rd2,4302,2301,9901,7101,4101,15094365147135527722218215212811095.3
fyWel,y = 2960.300MN,y,Rd3353353341.000Mb,Rd29628926624522420418615713411710493.284.677.671.766.161.0
fyWel,z = 42.2MN,z,Rd65.765.765.70.300Mb,Rd33532229426824221919816413912110795.586.679.272.166.161.0
IPE 330Mc,y,Rd285285285253253253253253253253$0.919Nb,y,Rd2,2202,2202,2202,2002,1802,1502,1302,0702,0001,9201,8101,6901,5501,4001,2601,1201,000
Npl,Rd = 2,220n/aMc,z,Rd54.754.754.735.035.035.035.035.035.035.0$Nb,z,Rd2,0801,9101,6901,4401,18095978153738829322818314912510590.378.3
fyWel,y = 2530.238MN,y,Rd2852852850.919Mb,Rd25324522520518616815212510691.480.571.965.059.353.849.345.4
fyWel,z = 35.0MN,z,Rd54.754.754.70.238Mb,Rd28527224822320017916013110994.182.473.466.159.353.849.345.4
IPE A 330Mc,y,Rd249249222222222222222222XX$0.729Nb,y,Rd1,9401,9401,9401,9201,9001,8801,8601,8101,7501,6701,5801,4801,3501,2201,100979873
Npl,Rd = 1,940n/aMc,z,Rd47.247.230.430.430.430.430.430.4XX$Nb,z,Rd1,8201,6701,4801,2501,03083468046733825419815913010891.678.568.0
fyWel,y = 2220.168MN,y,Rd2492490.729Mb,Rd22221519617816014412910587.875.165.658.352.547.042.538.935.8
fyWel,z = 30.4MN,z,Rd47.247.20.168Mb,Rd24923721519317215313610990.477.067.059.452.547.042.538.935.8
IPE O 300Mc,y,Rd2642642642642342342342342342342341.000Nb,y,Rd2,2302,2302,2302,2002,1702,1402,1202,0501,9601,8601,7301,5801,4201,2601,120988875
Npl,Rd = 2,2301.000Mc,z,Rd54.354.354.354.334.834.834.834.834.834.834.8Nb,z,Rd2,0801,9001,6701,4001,14092274951337027821717414211810085.774.3
fyWel,y = 2340.314MN,y,Rd2642642622291.000Mb,Rd23422821420018517015513111297.085.374.566.159.554.149.745.9
fyWel,z = 34.8MN,z,Rd54.354.354.354.30.314Mb,Rd26425423721920018216513711599.785.374.566.159.554.149.745.9
IPE 300Mc,y,Rd223223223198198198198198198198$0.964Nb,y,Rd1,9101,9101,9101,8801,8601,8401,8101,7501,6801,5901,4801,3501,2101,070946835739
Npl,Rd = 1,910n/aMc,z,Rd44.444.444.428.628.628.628.628.628.628.6$Nb,z,Rd1,7801,6101,4001,17094275661141730022617614111595.881.069.460.1
fyWel,y = 1980.257MN,y,Rd2232232230.964Mb,Rd19819117916615213812510386.173.962.854.648.443.439.436.133.4
fyWel,z = 28.6MN,z,Rd44.444.444.40.257Mb,Rd22321319818116414713110688.674.062.854.648.443.439.436.133.4
IPE A 300Mc,y,Rd192192171171171171171171XX$0.758Nb,y,Rd1,6501,6501,6501,6301,6101,5901,5601,5101,4501,3701,2701,1601,040916808713631
Npl,Rd = 1,650n/aMc,z,Rd38.038.024.624.624.624.624.624.6XX$Nb,z,Rd1,5301,3901,2101,01081165052635925819415112198.882.369.659.651.7
fyWel,y = 1710.181MN,y,Rd1921920.758Mb,Rd17116615414212911610484.069.558.048.942.437.433.530.327.725.6
fyWel,z = 24.6MN,z,Rd38.038.00.181Mb,Rd19218317015413812310986.871.258.048.942.437.433.530.327.725.6
IPE O 270Mc,y,Rd2042042042042042042042042042042040Nb,y,Rd1,9101,9101,9001,8701,8501,8201,7901,7201,6301,5201,3801,2301,080939819717631
Npl,Rd = 1,910n/aMc,z,Rd41.941.941.941.941.941.941.941.941.941.941.9Nb,z,Rd1,7501,5601,3301,07084366653436125919415112198.582.069.359.351.4
fyWel,y = 1801.000MN,y,Rd20420420217715212610175.850.525.301.000Mb,Rd20418816915113512110990.076.666.759.253.248.343.739.836.633.9
fyWel,z = 26.8MN,z,Rd41.941.941.941.941.940.436.730.822.812.50
IPE 270Mc,y,Rd1721721721521521521521521521521521.000Nb,y,Rd1,6301,6301,6201,6001,5701,5501,5201,4601,3801,2801,1601,020896780679594522
Npl,Rd = 1,6301.000Mc,z,Rd34.434.434.422.122.122.122.122.122.122.122.1Nb,z,Rd1,4901,3201,11088869554843829621215912398.480.466.956.648.441.9
fyWel,y = 1520.274MN,y,Rd1721721721.000Mb,Rd15214513412211199.990.074.062.353.045.439.735.331.828.926.624.6
fyWel,z = 22.1MN,z,Rd34.434.434.40.274Mb,Rd17216114713311910694.376.563.953.045.439.735.331.828.926.624.6
IPE A 270Mc,y,Rd147147131131131131131131XX$0.784Nb,y,Rd1,3901,3901,3801,3601,3401,3201,3001,2501,1801,090989876765666580507446
Npl,Rd = 1,390n/aMc,z,Rd29.229.218.818.818.818.818.818.8XX$Nb,z,Rd1,2701,13095075959446837425218113510584.168.757.248.341.435.8
fyWel,y = 1310.180MN,y,Rd1471470.784Mb,Rd13112411410392.782.573.559.349.240.734.630.226.724.021.920.018.5
fyWel,z = 18.8MN,z,Rd29.229.20.180Mb,Rd14713712511298.886.976.661.049.440.734.630.226.724.021.920.018.5
IPE O 240Mc,y,Rd1461461461461461461461461461461460Nb,y,Rd1,5501,5501,5301,5101,4801,4501,4201,3501,2501,120981844722619534464406
Npl,Rd = 1,550n/aMc,z,Rd30.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.0Nb,z,Rd1,3901,20097074757144435223616812697.577.863.552.844.638.233.0
fyWel,y = 1281.000MN,y,Rd14614614512710990.872.654.536.318.201.000Mb,Rd14513412211098.287.979.065.255.346.740.335.431.728.626.124.122.3
fyWel,z = 19.1MN,z,Rd30.030.030.030.030.029.126.622.416.69.110
IPE 240Mc,y,Rd1301301301301301301301301301301300Nb,y,Rd1,3901,3901,3701,3501,3201,3001,2701,2001,1101,000875752643551475413361
Npl,Rd = 1,390n/aMc,z,Rd26.226.226.226.226.226.226.226.226.226.226.2Nb,z,Rd1,2401,06085265149638530520414510984.267.154.845.638.532.928.5
fyWel,y = 1151.000MN,y,Rd13013013011497.681.465.148.832.516.301.000Mb,Rd12911910795.784.875.167.054.645.438.032.828.825.723.221.219.518.1
fyWel,z = 16.8MN,z,Rd26.226.226.226.226.225.523.319.614.58.000
IPE A 240Mc,y,Rd11111111198.798.798.798.798.798.7X$0.900Nb,y,Rd1,1801,1801,1701,1501,1301,1101,0801,020947850743638545467403350306
Npl,Rd = 1,180n/aMc,z,Rd22.222.222.214.214.214.214.214.214.2X$Nb,z,Rd1,05090472355242032625817212391.871.256.846.338.532.527.824.1
fyWel,y = 98.70.212MN,y,Rd1111111110.900Mb,Rd98.490.882.674.065.658.051.641.834.628.824.821.719.317.415.914.613.5
fyWel,z = 14.2MN,z,Rd22.222.222.20.212Mb,Rd10910090.079.469.360.753.542.934.628.824.821.719.317.415.914.613.5
IPE AA 240Mc,y,Rd10610694.894.894.894.894.894.8XX$0.792Nb,y,Rd1,1201,1201,1101,0901,0701,0501,030976903812709610521447385335293
Npl,Rd = 1,120n/aMc,z,Rd21.321.313.713.713.713.713.713.7XX$Nb,z,Rd1,00086469453140531424916611988.668.754.844.737.231.426.923.3
fyWel,y = 94.80.171MN,y,Rd1061060.792Mb,Rd94.587.279.270.762.555.148.939.432.426.923.120.218.016.214.813.612.6
fyWel,z = 13.7MN,z,Rd21.321.30.171Mb,Rd10595.785.975.665.957.550.640.432.426.923.120.218.016.214.813.612.6
IPE O 220Mc,y,Rd1141141141141141141141141141141140Nb,y,Rd1,3301,3201,3001,2801,2601,2301,2001,1201,010883753635536456391339296
Npl,Rd = 1,330n/aMc,z,Rd23.723.723.723.723.723.723.723.723.723.723.7Nb,z,Rd1,16098176457143033126217412492.471.657.146.638.732.728.024.2
fyWel,y = 1001.000MN,y,Rd11411411399.084.970.756.642.428.314.101.000Mb,Rd11210292.282.172.764.657.847.539.633.428.825.422.720.618.817.316.0
fyWel,z = 15.2MN,z,Rd23.723.723.723.723.723.020.917.613.07.140
IPE 220Mc,y,Rd1011011011011011011011011011011010Nb,y,Rd1,1901,1801,1601,1401,1201,1001,070995899784667562475404346300261
Npl,Rd = 1,190n/aMc,z,Rd20.620.620.620.620.620.620.620.620.620.620.6Nb,z,Rd1,03086566749537128622515010679.561.549.040.033.228.124.020.8
fyWel,y = 89.51.000MN,y,Rd10110110188.275.663.050.437.825.212.601.000Mb,Rd98.889.980.270.561.754.348.239.131.926.823.120.318.216.415.013.812.8
fyWel,z = 13.2MN,z,Rd20.620.620.620.620.620.018.215.411.46.250
IPE A 220Mc,y,Rd85.285.285.276.076.076.076.076.076.076.0$0.943Nb,y,Rd1,0001,000985967948927902840758660560472398338290251219
Npl,Rd = 1,000n/aMc,z,Rd17.217.217.211.111.111.111.111.111.111.1$Nb,z,Rd87472956041531123918812588.866.351.340.933.427.723.420.017.3
fyWel,y = 76.00.239MN,y,Rd85.285.285.20.943Mb,Rd74.868.361.253.847.041.236.329.223.619.717.014.913.312.010.910.19.30
fyWel,z = 11.1MN,z,Rd17.217.217.20.239Mb,Rd83.075.066.257.349.442.837.529.523.619.717.014.913.312.010.910.19.30
IPE AA 220Mc,y,Rd81.681.681.672.872.872.872.872.872.8X$0.856Nb,y,Rd958955939923905884861803725631536451381324278240210
Npl,Rd = 958n/aMc,z,Rd16.516.516.510.610.610.610.610.610.6X$Nb,z,Rd83569753639829822918112085.463.749.439.332.126.722.519.316.7
fyWel,y = 72.80.205MN,y,Rd81.681.681.50.856Mb,Rd71.665.458.451.344.739.034.327.522.018.415.813.812.311.110.29.338.64
fyWel,z = 10.6MN,z,Rd16.516.516.50.205Mb,Rd79.571.863.354.646.940.535.427.622.018.415.813.812.311.110.29.338.64
IPE O 200Mc,y,Rd88.488.488.488.488.488.488.488.488.488.488.40Nb,y,Rd1,1401,1301,1101,0801,0601,030998913800676561466390330282243212
Npl,Rd = 1,140n/aMc,z,Rd18.418.418.418.418.418.418.418.418.418.418.4Nb,z,Rd96878558342331424018812588.465.951.040.633.127.523.219.917.2
fyWel,y = 77.71.000MN,y,Rd88.488.488.177.166.155.144.033.022.011.001.000Mb,Rd85.477.268.860.653.447.342.334.728.724.221.018.516.615.113.812.711.7
fyWel,z = 11.8MN,z,Rd18.418.418.418.418.417.916.313.710.25.580
IPE 200Mc,y,Rd78.578.578.578.578.578.578.578.578.578.578.50Nb,y,Rd1,0101,000985965943917887809708597495410343290247213186
Npl,Rd = 1,010n/aMc,z,Rd15.815.815.815.815.815.815.815.815.815.815.8Nb,z,Rd85568450136126720416010674.955.843.234.428.023.319.616.814.5
fyWel,y = 68.91.000MN,y,Rd78.578.578.568.859.049.139.329.519.79.8301.000Mb,Rd75.267.559.351.444.739.234.728.022.819.216.614.713.111.910.910.09.27
fyWel,z = 10.1MN,z,Rd15.815.815.815.815.815.414.111.98.844.860
IPE A 200Mc,y,Rd64.664.664.657.557.557.557.557.557.557.5$0.951Nb,y,Rd834827812795777756731666582490406336281237203175152
Npl,Rd = 834n/aMc,z,Rd13.013.013.08.318.318.318.318.318.318.31$Nb,z,Rd70456241129621816713186.461.245.635.328.122.919.016.013.711.9
fyWel,y = 57.50.234MN,y,Rd64.664.664.60.951Mb,Rd55.650.144.138.233.028.825.420.216.313.711.810.49.298.407.677.066.53
fyWel,z = 8.31MN,z,Rd13.013.013.00.234Mb,Rd61.754.947.540.534.529.826.120.216.313.711.810.49.298.407.677.066.53
IPE AA 200Mc,y,Rd62.562.562.555.455.455.455.455.455.455.4$0.951Nb,y,Rd813806791775756736711647564474392325271229196169147
Npl,Rd = 813n/aMc,z,Rd12.412.412.47.957.957.957.957.957.957.95$Nb,z,Rd68454439628421016012582.858.743.733.826.921.918.215.413.111.4
fyWel,y = 55.40.240MN,y,Rd62.562.562.50.951Mb,Rd53.548.242.336.631.527.424.119.115.412.911.19.788.737.907.216.636.14
fyWel,z = 7.95MN,z,Rd12.412.412.40.240Mb,Rd59.652.945.738.732.928.424.819.115.412.911.19.788.737.907.216.636.14
IPE O 180Mc,y,Rd67.167.167.167.167.167.167.167.167.167.167.10Nb,y,Rd962948929906881851814720604492399327272228194167146
Npl,Rd = 962n/aMc,z,Rd14.214.214.214.214.214.214.214.214.214.214.2Nb,z,Rd79160943030522316913387.461.846.035.628.323.119.116.213.811.9
fyWel,y = 58.61.000MN,y,Rd67.167.166.658.350.041.633.325.016.78.3301.000Mb,Rd63.656.749.843.337.833.429.824.319.916.914.612.911.610.59.628.868.22
fyWel,z = 9.05MN,z,Rd14.214.214.214.214.213.712.510.57.754.260
IPE 180Mc,y,Rd58.958.958.958.958.958.958.958.958.958.958.90Nb,y,Rd848836819799776749717633530431350287238200170147127
Npl,Rd = 848n/aMc,z,Rd12.312.312.312.312.312.312.312.312.312.312.3Nb,z,Rd69352937226219214611475.053.039.530.524.319.816.413.811.810.2
fyWel,y = 51.81.000MN,y,Rd58.958.958.651.343.936.629.322.014.67.3201.000Mb,Rd55.549.142.536.431.427.524.319.315.713.311.510.29.128.267.556.966.45
fyWel,z = 7.88MN,z,Rd12.312.312.312.312.311.910.89.126.743.700
IPE A 180Mc,y,Rd47.947.947.942.642.642.642.642.642.642.642.61.000Nb,y,Rd696686671655636613586516431350284232193162138119103
Npl,Rd = 6961.000Mc,z,Rd9.949.949.946.396.396.396.396.396.396.396.39Nb,z,Rd56943430521515711993.461.543.532.425.019.916.213.511.49.718.39
fyWel,y = 42.60.267MN,y,Rd47.947.947.81.000Mb,Rd40.536.031.126.522.619.617.213.410.99.147.906.966.225.635.144.734.39
fyWel,z = 6.39MN,z,Rd9.949.949.940.267Mb,Rd44.939.333.327.923.520.217.613.410.99.147.906.966.225.635.144.734.39
IPE AA 180Mc,y,Rd46.546.546.541.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.21.000Nb,y,Rd67466465063461659456749841533627222218415513211498.7
Npl,Rd = 6741.000Mc,z,Rd9.489.489.486.116.116.116.116.116.116.116.11Nb,z,Rd54941729120515011488.958.641.430.823.818.915.412.810.89.237.98
fyWel,y = 41.20.276MN,y,Rd46.546.546.51.000Mb,Rd39.134.629.825.221.518.516.312.510.18.537.376.495.805.254.794.414.09
fyWel,z = 6.11MN,z,Rd9.489.489.480.276Mb,Rd43.537.931.926.522.319.116.512.510.18.537.376.495.805.254.794.414.09
IPE 160Mc,y,Rd44.044.044.044.044.044.044.044.044.044.044.00Nb,y,Rd71469868066063660657047838130124019516113511498.285.2
Npl,Rd = 714n/aMc,z,Rd9.279.279.279.279.279.279.279.279.279.279.27Nb,z,Rd55539626618413310078.351.436.326.920.816.513.511.29.428.056.96
fyWel,y = 38.71.000MN,y,Rd44.044.043.938.432.927.422.016.511.05.4901.000Mb,Rd40.535.230.125.622.019.317.113.411.09.358.137.196.455.855.354.944.58
fyWel,z = 5.93MN,z,Rd9.279.279.279.279.278.998.216.925.122.810
IPE A 160Mc,y,Rd35.235.235.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.231.21.000Nb,y,Rd57556254853151248745738230423919115512810790.878.067.7
Npl,Rd = 5751.000Mc,z,Rd7.357.357.354.724.724.724.724.724.724.724.72Nb,z,Rd44631721214710680.162.541.028.921.516.613.210.78.917.516.425.55
fyWel,y = 31.20.298MN,y,Rd35.235.235.21.000Mb,Rd29.025.221.418.015.413.311.79.067.386.245.414.784.283.883.553.273.03
fyWel,z = 4.72MN,z,Rd7.357.357.350.298Mb,Rd32.127.522.818.915.913.711.89.067.386.245.414.784.283.883.553.273.03
IPE AA 160Mc,y,Rd33.833.833.829.929.929.929.929.929.929.929.91.000Nb,y,Rd55754453051449547144136729122918314812210286.774.564.6
Npl,Rd = 5571.000Mc,z,Rd6.996.996.994.474.474.474.474.474.474.474.47Nb,z,Rd42930320213910176.159.338.927.420.415.712.510.28.457.126.095.26
fyWel,y = 29.90.299MN,y,Rd33.833.833.81.000Mb,Rd27.724.120.317.114.512.511.08.436.865.805.034.443.973.603.293.032.81
fyWel,z = 4.47MN,z,Rd6.996.996.990.299Mb,Rd30.826.221.617.815.012.911.08.436.865.805.034.443.973.603.293.032.81
IPE 140Mc,y,Rd31.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.331.30Nb,y,Rd57956354652549846442333125319515412410284.971.961.753.5
Npl,Rd = 582n/aMc,z,Rd6.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.856.85Nb,z,Rd42428218212489.066.952.134.124.017.813.710.98.877.366.215.304.58
fyWel,y = 27.41.000MN,y,Rd31.331.331.127.223.319.415.511.77.773.8801.000Mb,Rd28.124.020.217.014.612.811.38.857.286.205.404.784.293.893.563.293.05
fyWel,z = 4.37MN,z,Rd6.856.856.856.856.856.616.025.063.742.050
IPE A 140Mc,y,Rd25.425.425.425.425.425.425.425.425.425.425.40Nb,y,Rd47346044542840637734326820415712499.881.968.458.049.743.1
Npl,Rd = 476n/aMc,z,Rd5.505.505.505.505.505.505.505.505.505.505.50Nb,z,Rd34723014910172.854.742.627.819.614.511.28.917.256.025.074.333.74
fyWel,y = 22.51.000MN,y,Rd25.425.425.322.118.915.812.69.476.313.1601.000Mb,Rd22.518.815.312.610.69.117.796.054.964.203.653.232.902.632.402.222.06
fyWel,z = 3.55MN,z,Rd5.505.505.505.505.505.324.854.083.021.660
IPE AA 140Mc,y,Rd24.024.024.024.024.024.024.024.024.024.024.00Nb,y,Rd45143942540838635832525219214711693.576.764.154.346.640.4
Npl,Rd = 454n/aMc,z,Rd5.155.155.155.155.155.155.155.155.155.155.15Nb,z,Rd32821613994.568.051.139.726.018.313.610.58.316.765.614.734.043.49
fyWel,y = 21.21.000MN,y,Rd24.024.024.021.118.115.112.19.046.033.0101.000Mb,Rd21.217.514.211.69.718.217.005.434.453.773.272.892.602.352.151.981.84
fyWel,z = 3.29MN,z,Rd5.155.155.155.155.155.024.603.892.891.590
IPE 120Mc,y,Rd21.521.521.521.521.521.521.521.521.521.521.50Nb,y,Rd46244642840437233328921115611892.474.060.650.542.736.631.7
Npl,Rd = 469n/aMc,z,Rd4.834.834.834.834.834.834.834.834.834.834.83Nb,z,Rd30918811879.056.442.332.821.415.011.18.586.825.544.603.873.312.86
fyWel,y = 18.81.000MN,y,Rd21.521.521.418.716.113.410.78.035.352.6801.000Mb,Rd18.615.713.111.09.518.347.295.754.754.053.543.142.822.562.342.162.01
fyWel,z = 3.07MN,z,Rd4.834.834.834.834.834.674.253.582.641.450
IPE A 120Mc,y,Rd17.717.717.717.717.717.717.717.717.717.717.70Nb,y,Rd38437135633530827423717212795.974.960.049.140.934.629.725.7
Npl,Rd = 390n/aMc,z,Rd3.913.913.913.913.913.913.913.913.913.913.91Nb,z,Rd25315294.463.345.233.926.317.112.08.916.875.454.433.683.102.652.29
fyWel,y = 15.51.000MN,y,Rd17.717.717.715.613.311.18.896.674.452.2201.000Mb,Rd15.112.39.938.216.975.925.104.003.302.812.452.171.951.771.621.491.39
fyWel,z = 2.49MN,z,Rd3.913.913.913.913.913.813.492.952.191.210
IPE AA 120Mc,y,Rd16.916.916.916.916.916.916.916.916.916.916.90Nb,y,Rd37436134532529826422816512191.971.857.547.039.233.128.424.6
Npl,Rd = 380n/aMc,z,Rd3.693.693.693.693.693.693.693.693.693.693.69Nb,z,Rd24414690.760.843.432.525.216.411.58.556.595.234.253.532.972.542.19
fyWel,y = 14.81.000MN,y,Rd16.916.916.915.012.910.78.596.444.292.1501.000Mb,Rd14.311.69.287.646.465.444.693.683.032.582.251.991.791.621.491.371.27
fyWel,z = 2.34MN,z,Rd3.693.693.693.693.693.633.352.852.121.170
IPE 100Mc,y,Rd14.014.014.014.014.014.014.014.014.014.014.00Nb,y,Rd35634031929025221217512187.165.450.840.633.127.523.319.917.2
Npl,Rd = 366n/aMc,z,Rd3.273.273.273.273.273.273.273.273.273.273.27Nb,z,Rd20611569.546.232.824.519.012.38.656.414.933.913.182.642.221.901.64
fyWel,y = 12.11.000MN,y,Rd14.014.013.912.210.48.696.965.223.481.7401.000Mb,Rd11.69.668.046.815.895.174.493.562.962.532.211.961.761.601.471.351.26
fyWel,z = 2.06MN,z,Rd3.273.273.273.273.273.162.882.431.790.9850
IPE A 100Mc,y,Rd11.711.711.711.711.711.711.711.711.711.711.70Nb,y,Rd30329027124621217714610172.454.342.233.727.522.919.316.514.3
Npl,Rd = 312n/aMc,z,Rd2.662.662.662.662.662.662.662.662.662.662.66Nb,z,Rd17295.357.738.327.220.315.710.27.165.304.083.242.632.181.841.571.35
fyWel,y = 10.21.000MN,y,Rd11.711.711.710.38.867.385.904.432.951.4801.000Mb,Rd9.507.646.205.174.423.753.252.572.131.821.591.411.271.151.060.9740.904
fyWel,z = 1.69MN,z,Rd2.662.662.662.662.662.602.392.021.500.8290
IPE AA 100Mc,y,Rd11.311.311.311.311.311.311.311.311.311.311.30Nb,y,Rd29628326523920617114197.069.852.340.632.426.522.018.615.913.8
Npl,Rd = 305n/aMc,z,Rd2.562.562.562.562.562.562.562.562.562.562.56Nb,z,Rd16791.855.536.926.219.515.19.826.895.103.923.112.532.101.771.511.30
fyWel,y = 9.901.000MN,y,Rd11.311.311.310.18.637.195.754.312.881.4401.000Mb,Rd9.157.325.924.924.193.543.072.432.011.721.501.331.201.090.9960.9190.853
fyWel,z = 1.62MN,z,Rd2.562.562.562.562.562.512.321.971.470.8110
IPE 80Mc,y,Rd8.248.248.248.248.248.248.248.248.248.248.240Nb,y,Rd25724021317814111188.459.042.031.324.219.315.713.011.09.418.13
Npl,Rd = 270n/aMc,z,Rd2.062.062.062.062.062.062.062.062.062.062.06Nb,z,Rd12263.637.925.017.713.110.26.594.613.412.622.081.691.401.181.010.869
fyWel,y = 7.101.000MN,y,Rd8.248.248.097.086.075.054.043.032.021.0101.000Mb,Rd6.575.394.483.793.282.842.481.971.641.401.231.090.9800.8900.8160.7530.699
fyWel,z = 1.31MN,z,Rd2.062.062.062.062.051.971.791.491.100.6020
IPE A 80Mc,y,Rd6.756.756.756.756.756.756.756.756.756.756.750Nb,y,Rd21620117814711690.672.048.034.125.419.715.712.810.68.937.646.60
Npl,Rd = 227n/aMc,z,Rd1.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.67Nb,z,Rd10252.731.320.714.610.98.405.453.812.822.171.721.401.160.9740.8320.718
fyWel,y = 5.861.000MN,y,Rd6.756.756.735.895.054.213.362.521.680.84101.000Mb,Rd5.154.073.292.742.311.961.711.361.130.9650.8430.7490.6730.6120.5610.5170.480
fyWel,z = 1.06MN,z,Rd1.671.671.671.671.671.621.481.250.9220.5070
IPE AA 80Mc,y,Rd6.716.716.716.716.716.716.716.716.716.716.710Nb,y,Rd21219817514511489.671.347.633.825.219.515.512.610.58.857.566.54
Npl,Rd = 224n/aMc,z,Rd1.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.671.67Nb,z,Rd10051.930.820.314.410.78.275.363.752.782.131.691.381.140.9590.8190.707
fyWel,y = 5.821.000MN,y,Rd6.716.716.655.824.994.163.332.501.660.83201.000Mb,Rd5.124.043.262.712.281.941.691.341.110.9530.8320.7390.6650.6040.5540.5110.474
fyWel,z = 1.06MN,z,Rd1.671.671.671.671.671.611.471.230.9110.5000

X Section becomes Class 4

$ For these values of n = NEd / Npl,Rd the section would be overloaded due to NEd alone even when MEd is zero, because NEd would exceed the local buckling resistance of the section

– Not applicable for Class 3 and Class 4 sections

∗ The section can become Class 4 under axial compression only. Under combined axial compression and bending the section becomes Class 4 when the Class 3 NEd / Npl,Rd limit is exceeded

NEd = Design value of the axial force

n = NEd / Npl,Rd

The values in this table are conservative for tension as the more onerous compression section classification limits have been used

Under combined axial compression and bending the resistances are only valid up to the given NEd / Npl,Rd limit. For higher values of n = NEd / Npl,Rd the section would be overloaded due to NEd alone even when MEd is zero, because NEd would exceed the local buckling resistance of the section